Chapter 15 521 and volume. Therefore, one may infer that the cleansing function of shampoos also inherently leads to benefits in this area. This is especially true for individuals with fine hair, as very little surface buildup can produce adverse effects. However, employing this rationale it would seem that such products should not themselves leave behind deposits (i.e. conditioning ingredients, pearlizing ingredients, etc.). With this said, the “bodifying” or “volumizing” proposition on conditioning products generally refers to a relative positioning with regard to the overall market, where such products are purposely formulated with lower levels of conditioning ingredient. For this reason, there is actually nothing “extra” in an “extra body” conditioner, and this designation relates to reduced adverse effects arising from use of lighter conditioning formulations. Building on an earlier point, it becomes evident that increased volume and body may be afforded through the ability to aid in the style creation process. While a number of product forms may help with this process, the most popular are mousses. These formulations allow for cohesion between the hair and brush, and so aid in both gripping and manipulation. In addition, these products provide some assistance in style maintenance, although hair sprays generally represent the primary tool for this function. (It is common to see professional stylists also using hair sprays to aid in the style creation process). The above points are well-recognized in the industry, and claims relating to volume and body are consequently common on styling products with no contention. Nonetheless, it is easy to see why no instrument-based evaluation approach has received widespread acceptance in assessing this attribute. Despite the complexity of this consumer term, attempts have been made to ascribe underlying technical causations.5 Such studies generally reached comparable conclusions. Thus, it is believed that factors such as fiber density on the scalp, fiber stiffness, fiber diameter, curvature, and the nature of fiber-fiber interactions all contribute to the perception of “body.” However, it would seem that only the later two factors can be altered by conventional cosmetic approaches. Curling irons or heated rollers can be used