Chapter 6 209 Hair extensions and weaves are a way to modify overall appearance without the commitment of chemically altering the hair. It entails attaching purchased real or artificial hair to existing hair to create longer lengths, add volume or give the appearance of hair color. Also, it’s viewed as a way to give the hair a break when there is a history of processes and/or treatments that can damage the hair over time. Hair Problems Differences in hair structure and culture not only influence grooming practices but also dictate perception of hair damage and causes. In Japan, the top two concerns are hair dryness and change in color. This is due to the excessive use of heating implements and environmental effects that discolor the hair when long styles are worn. Women in India also complain about hair dryness but it’s specific to a lack of shine. The long hair lengths make detangling a priority. Conditioners and other leave-in products could help but they are perceived to be unnatural, so that remains an area of need. Brazilians have challenges with frizz and manageability. As a result, products that contain oils, paraffins, waxes, and the like are commonly used to define curl, control volume and lubricate the hair. Challenges in hair are not only driven by country. There are specific multi-ethnic concerns within the same geographical location. An internal US-based study was conducted amongst more than 300 women from African-American, Caucasian, Chinese, and Mexican ethnic groups for a total of ~ 1,200 participants. These women were asked to report all of their hair problems and to choose which one was the most bothersome. While all but 6% of all women responding to the survey indicated they experienced hair problems, the number and type of problems varied. On average, the women reported four hair problems, with hair breakage, split ends, and dry scalp reported most ( 30% each). The top five problems reported as the number one concern were breakage, gray hair, frizzy hair, dandruff, and thinning\losing hair. African-Americans and Mexicans reported a higher number of problems on average